Improved machine fob pboduoing blast in gas-oarburettors and other appabatus



EQA. POND & M. S. RICHARDSON. MACHINE FOR REDUCING BLAST IN GASCARBURETERS AND OTHER APPARATUS.

No. 65,939. Patented June -18. 186?.

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POND AND M. SRICHARDSON, OF RUTLAND, VERMONT.

Lam Patent No. 65,989, dated June 18, 1867.

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TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

I Be it known that we, E. A. POND and M. S. RICHARDSON, of Rutland, inthe couutyof Rutland, and State of Vermont, have invented certain newand useful improvements in Air-Pumps; and we hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 isn. transverse vertical section of a pump constructed in accordance withour invention; and

Figures and 3 are side elevations of the apparatus, the case being inpart removed so as to show the interior works.

Our invention relates to apparatus for compressing and freezing air,with special reference to their use as pumps to supply air to gasmachines or carburettor-s, or even, in connection with hydrocarbonfluids, as carburetting machines themselves; and it relates moreparticularly to that class of apparatus in which a continuous current ofair is induced by'the revolution within a case partially filled withliquid of a series of convolute tubes or chambers.

The apparatus, under our invention, may he said tobe composed of thefollowing elements, combined as hereinafter described: first, a vesselor case divided into two compartments, communicating with each other ator near the bottom of the vessel; sccond, a hollow shaft or arborpassing through the two compartments, having mounted upon one side ofthe dividing partition :2 series of convolutc tubes, and provided on theother side with one or more perforations, the said shaft being connectedwith suitable mechanism for rotating it; third, one ormore suitablevalves for the admissionof air, and pipes for the discharge ofthecompressed air or gas.

By reference to the accompanying .drawinggthe manner in which ourinvention is or may be carried into cfi'eet will be readilycomprehended.

The case of the pump is a cylinder divided by a partition, a, into twochambers, 13 C, the former containing the tubular arms, and the latterreceivihg the mingled air' and liquid discharged from the arms. Thetubular arms b are mounted in a convolute manner on a hollow shaft, 0,which has its hearings in the ends of the cylindrical case A, and isrotated by means of suitable gearing. The shaft, at the points wherethetubes are united with it, is pierced with holes, through which the waterand air in the arms enter the interior of the shaft when the machine isin operation, being discharged on the other side of the partition a intothe chamber B through the perforations d. At :the point where the shaftpasses through the partition it is packed so as to render the jointperfectly air-tight. In the upper part of the chamber 0 is a valve, e,through which the air is supplied to the chamber, or rather the tubulararms, but which at the same time prevents the escape of any vapor orvolatile fluid which may accumulate in the chamber. At the bottom of thepartition is an aperture, f, through which the liquid discharged fromthe perforations d, when the shaft and arms revolve, flows back into thechamber 0, so as to preserve the liquid in the two chambers at about thesame level, nnlessthe pressure of the compressed air in the compartmentB is sufficiently great to depress the liquid in its chamber, thusraising the level-of the liquid in the other chamber. The only points ofcommunication between the two chambers are at f and d, all other partsof the partition a being' air and water-tight. In the upper part of thechamber B is the pipeg, through which the gas or air is conducted off ina continuous stream to anydesired point, and in the l'owerpart of thechamber is the pipe or cup It, through which the liquid is poured intothe case. That cup also acts as a gauge, for the levelof the water orother'liquid in the pump cannot be higher than the top of the cup.

The operation of the machine is substantially as follows 2 It is firstpartialiy filled with the liquid to the extent permitted by thegaugecup, after which a suitable cap or covering is screwed down uponthe cup. The

shaft and arms are now put in motion or revolved by simple power, suchas spring-power or' weights. During the revolution of the arms theiropen ends dip into the liquid and take up a portion f r y causing theimprisoned air to be driven along through the cchvolutions of the tubesor chambers, until both the air and liquid reach the hollow shaft 0,through which they flow until they arrive at the perforations d, whencethey are discharged into the chamber B. The air rises in the chamber andthe liquid falls into the liquid below. The

liquid in the chamber thus forms a cushion or valve to prevent the airfrom returning to the other chamber,

while the continuous current of fluid issuing from the perforations dprevents'the reflux of the air or gas in that direction. The return ofthe air to the chamber 0 is thus absolutely cut off,- and as therevolution of the arms 6 discharges the air uninte'rruptedly in thechamber 13, a continuous current of the same will be forced out throughthe pipe g. The force of the current maybe varied-within certain limitsby the velocity imparted to the arms, or by the comparative weight ofthe liquid ag'en t-.' A greater pressure, for instance, may be obtainedby the employment of mercury, 01' other fluid heavier than water; on theother hand, liquids of less specific gravity than water, such asalcohol, tnrpentine,napl1tha., kerosene, and other hydrocarbons, may beemployed. The air, when theliquid used in the machine is oneof thelastnamed, will be" impregnated with vapor and carburettcd, so that itmay be used in most instances as gas, without requiring to be passedthrough another carburetting machine. I

The arrangement of the tubular arms I) is productive of great advantage.Their outer ends dip up in constant succession, as they revolve, theliquid, which is as constantly discharged from their inner ends throughthe shaft 0 into the chamber B in an unintermittent and steady stream.This is of great importance to the successful working of the machine,and causes the gas or air to be discharged from the pump in a current,which flows with more regularity and uniformity than inordinurymachines, the pressure being nearly the same at all or gas.

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As above explained, the arrangement of the chambers is such that theliquid forms a cushion in the chamber B, which prevents the gas or airfrom passing back into the other chamber. But there results from thisarrangement another advantage. The liquid in the case maintains anequilibrium between the pressure of the air in the chamber C and that ofthe compressed air or gas in the chamber B, so as to insure auniform'and steady .flow of the latter to the burner or reservoinforwhen the pressure of the gas or other fluid in the chamber 13 exceedsthat of the air in the chamber C, it depresses the liquid and forces itinto the latter chamber, so that the level of the liquid will standhigher in C than in B. Now, if the pressure he reduced, the liquid flowsback from 0 into B, so as to exactly compensate for the decrease ofpressure, thus maintaining it constantly at the samepoint, and steadyingthe flow of the air or gas whose current from the pump will be at alltimes uniform.

The combination of the tubular arms and-the two chambers 13 C, under thearrangement just described, producing as it does the advantagesspecified, presents a marked improvement over the ordinary meansemployed for like purposes, and renders the apparatus in every respectpreferable to any others now in use. i

t is hardly necessary to state that although our apparatus is made withspecial reference to' its use for carburetting purposes, we propose alsoto employ it in any connection where the services of an air-pump may heneeded. Any kind of power may be employed to operate the machine, but itis peculiarly adapted to be actuated by weight or spring-power, as thereis but little friction to impede the revolution of the shaft and arms.

Having described our invention, and the manner in which the same is ormay be carried into effect, what we claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is

An apparatus for compressing or forcing air, composed of the followingelements combined:

1. A vessel or case divided into two compartments, communicating witheach other at or near the bottom of the vessel.

2. A hollow shaft or arbor passing through the two compartments, havingmounted upon one side of the dividing partition a series of convolutetubes, and provided on the other side with one or more perforations, thesaid shaft being connected with suitable mechanism for rotating it.

3. One or more suitable valves for the admission of air, and pipes forthe discharge of the compressed air In testimony whereof we have signedour names to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

E. A. POND, M. S. RICHARDSON.

Witnesses JAB. MERBELL, H. G. MEBRELL.

